The Narrator of The Yellow Wallpaper -- The Yellow Wallpaper

The Narrator of The Yellow WallpaperIn The Yellow Wallpaper the narrator becomes more depressed throughout the story because of the recommendation of isolation that was make to her. In this short story the narrator is detained in a lonesome, drab room in an attempt to free herself of a nervous disorder. The narrators husband, a physician, adheres to this belief and forces his wife into a treatment of solitude. Rather than heal the narrator of her psychological disorder, the treatment only contributes to its effects, driving her into a severe falloff. on a lower floor the orders of her husband, the narrator is moved to a house far from society in the country, where in she is locked into an upstairs room. This environment serves not as an inspiration for mental wellness but as an element of repression. The locked door and barred windows serve to physically restrain her the windows are barred for little children, and there are rings and things in the walls. The narrator is affected no t only by the physical restraints but also by being exposed to the rooms yellow paper is dreadful and fosters only negative creativity. It is dull enough to confuse the eye in following, pronounced enough to constantly irritate and provoke study, and when you follow the cripple uncertain curves for a little distance they suddenly commit suicide plunge off at outrageous angles, destroy themselves in unheard of contradictions. entirely through the story the yellow wallpaper acts as an antagonist causing her to become very annoyed and disturbed. There is nothing to do in the mystical room but stare at the wallpaper. The narrator tells of the haphazard pattern having no organization or symmetrical plot. Her constant examination of and reflection o... ...reep oer him every time Clearly this treatment is issued with good intentions but fails to bring about positive results. Gilman tries to show that according to her husband, the narrator continually brings her great depression upon h erself. The author, Charlotte Perkins Gilman also attempts to show that the lack of social exposure, physical repression, and ugly wallpaper cause the treatment to be extremely ineffective and detrimental. The disorder which is being do by is actually strengthened to the point of a serious mental illness. Similarly in like a shots society, medical and psychological advice may have the equivalent effect. Medical technology and practice have progressed considerably since the time of the Yellow Wallpaper. This is not to say that todays physicians are infallible. Perhaps some of todays treatments are the Yellow Wallpaper of the future .

Essay --

Located in central Java in present day Indonesia, The Great Stupa of Borobudur is the knowledge domains largest Buddhistic monument. It was constructed sometime around AD 800 as a way of displaying visual teachings of Mahayana Buddhism. The Great Stupa of Borobudur is essentially a symbolic form of two a stupa, a sacred mound of earth with holy relics of the Buddha buried beneath, and a mandala, a mystic Buddhist symbol of the universe. Or as Catherine Albanese describes it the mandala meant a circle which signifies the wholeness of the self. The architectural design of this stupa was different from anything that had come before it and every part of it had some significance in the world of Buddhism. The overall organise of Borobudur is made up of a square foundation along with a total of nine platforms. Of those nine platforms six of them are squared while the stay three are circular. The structure can be further divided into three main levels a base, a body, and the top. Each of these levels symbolize the three realms of Buddhist cosmology. The base symbolizes the realm of Kamadhatu the six squared platforms symbolize the realm of Rupadhatu and the three circular platforms at the top symbolize the realm of Arupadhatu. The realm of Kamadhatu is also know as the world of desires and it is the lowest level of the three realms. This is where ordinary sentient individuals live out their lives with desires and suffering. The next realm, the realm of Rupadhatu is known as the world of forms and it is the aid level of the three realms. This realm is accessed by those who have gotten rid of their desires through meditation, but still have a name and form. It is said that you have to plead up through multiple stages in thi... ...design of Borobudur and the ritual that it entails. The reliefs located on the base and body were there in order to teach initiates the sacred texts as the ascended the mountain in Pradakshina. The elliptical and circular terraces represented the summit of Mt Meru and the central stupa located in the center represented the center of the universe. Through this ritual the state of Nirvana is attained through gradual processes and transitions, not drastic jumps. The architecture of Borobudur would also signify a gradual process as it starts aside square in the lower terraces, transitions to elliptical with the first two upper terraces and finally becomes circular in the third upper terrace. People may but speculate as to what things may mean or represent, but one thing for certain is that The Great Stupa of Borobudur was designed and built the way it was for a reason.

Virtual Reality Technology :: Internet Online Communication Essays

Virtual Reality TechnologyThe World of Virtual Reality is getting closer and closer to Neal Stephensons idea of the Metaverse in Snow Crash. In Snow Crash, the Metaverse is a world very similar to the world that we know it as, but with one major difference, none of the Metaverse exists. All of the Metaverse is a simulation. The Metaverse has everything that todays world has, with may additional features. It has all of the buildings, streets, homes, and everyone is represented in what is called an avatar. An avatar is a digital internal representation of oneself in the Metaverse. The nicer or castled the avatar normally means the more time or many spent on designing it. In some ways this is happening already. On the internet there are many games where a someone can compete against an other(a) person, or a person can play a type of social game in which people get to meet others from around the world. The internet has simple chat rooms and there are in any case social g ames in which users will interact with each other. In Snow Crash, Stephenson tells how Hiro, the protagonist in the story, runs into two couples on a double date. Each person is represented as their avatar, and they go out on the town in the Metaverse just and in real life. The social setting to the Metaverse exists in many online environments in which many people meet online and date online.. A MUD would be very comparable to the Metaverse in the sense that a person can be the people in which they are playing. A person can navigate their way in Multi-User Dimension to meet other people and chat with individuals. disembodied spirit in a virtual world is s mix of creative playfulness, purpose and serendipity that needs to be experienced firsthand (Dyril 1). A closer representation of the Metaverse is what is called a virtual world. Dan Costa sums up a virtual world best by describing virtual worlds as having smooth chat features and realistic pictural environment, and they offer subscribers the ability to create unique avatars and wander freely (Costa 1). This is very similar to Stephensons Metaverse in the sense that it gives users the opportunity to socially interact with other users without being physically present.

advertisng vs, graphic design :: essays research papers

There is one thing for certain I know, when I think about what Im discharge to do when I gain out of school and it consists of getting a job. Another thing I know for sure is that I want to go into graphic design and stay away from advertising. My degree is going to be in Advertising and Graphic Design but I think I want to stay away from the advertising and do the designing. Designing is something that I enjoy doing and hopefully I can find a job that makes me riant doing what I like.I decided to stay away from advertising because of a lot of reasons in truth. The first reason would be I pee-pee a surd time coming up with a concept with legs. The kind of concept that can go on, and on forever. It seems to me that all the great ides I get just have one great ad and thats it, its tangle withe. I also want to stay away from advertising because, its a really ruthless game, come up with a great idea or basically youre not going to have a job. Im going to need to go in to a caree r that has a little more job stability. Knowing that Im going to have a job always makes me feel better.Another reason I want to stay away from advertising is that you have short deadlines and extreme air pressure to get things done in such a fast past. Thats all good and fine but I want to be able to take time on some projects that need it and move fast on the projects that dont need a lot of time. I dont mind doing things that need to be rushed but if I had to do it on every project I think my head would get a little loopy.Last semester I had an internship at an ad agency. The agency specialized in the field of attorneys. All the advertisements consisted of basically the same concept on that point was not a lot of room for creativity. I did though learn a lot from that internship in the ways of doing concepts on a budget and on a time scale. I also got to sit in on client meetings and give my input on key projects. But after a while it was just the same boring thing.Now I have an internship at Opera Columbus, which I have really enjoyed so far.

Memoirs Of A Mountain High :: essays research papers

It was the summer of 94when I took a Wilderness Leadership Semester from theColorado Outward Bound School . Needless to consecrate that itwas the most emotional, challenging, and rewardingexperience that I countenance had in all of my 19 ears of existence.One week spent running the Upper Green River inwesternColorado and northern Utah. Through The Gatesof the Ladour Canyon and Dinosaur National Monument,we floated to end where the Green meets the ColoradoRiver just beyond Echo Canyon. The high desert canyonsechoed with rapids ovarious classes Hells Half cc andDisaster Falls were the most memorable. Upon completionwe headed to climbing camp in Wyoming at a place calledVedauwoo (va-da-vu).Two weeks of vigorous climbingthese granite towers left many scars some(prenominal) physically andemotionally for this rock was indeed as sharp as knives.Somehow no matter hard climbed even if successful, thisrock always imagemed to have the last say. By this time amonth had passed and I was ver y grateful to have that oneshower on the way to the Gore get down in Colorado. Thissection of the course was by far the most demanding, themountaineering section. Stepping off the bus in Frisco,Colorado we looked back knowing that we were not tosee civilization for at least a month. There were 8 men andwomen in my group from all over the country. Each onehad a grotesque personality not knowing that we would allbecome closer to each other than family, possibly beingdependent during life threatening situations which weexperienced on many occasions. This in itself could beanother long story. By the end of this section we wererequired to do what they call a solo. In addition to proportion upfor the 15 mile marathon and finals, (a week of travel) thiswas also used for reflecting on our experiences. The solowas for three days. During these three days we were all tobe illogical about a quarter to half mile apart, alone. Allof our flashlights, candles, and watches were injectn awayalon g with any books which were left at base camp. All wewere allowed to take was our clothes, a tarp(not a tent)which wasnt but 5ft by 2ft, a water bottle, a pencil, paper,and our iodine to purify the water.I also want to note thatwe had the choice to fast or take a survival pack whichconsisted of a few crackers and raisins. I wanted the fullexperience so I chose to fast. This was a set off in itself, nofood for three days. My spot on this solo was at around

Memoirs Of A Mountain High :: essays research papers

It was the summer of 94when I took a Wilderness Leadership Semester from the carbon monoxide Outward Bound School . Needless to say that itwas the most emotional, ch all(prenominal)enging, and rewardingexperience that I have had in all of my 19 ears of existence.One hebdomad spent running the Upper Green River inwesternColorado and northern Utah. Through The Gatesof the Ladour C bothon and Dinosaur National Monument,we floated to end where the Green meets the ColoradoRiver just beyond Echo Canyon. The high desert canyonsechoed with rapids ovarious classes Hells Half Mile andDisaster Falls were the most memorable. Upon completionwe headed to climbing camp in Wyoming at a stead calledVedauwoo (va-da-vu).Two weeks of vigorous climbingthese granite towers left many scars both physically andemotionally for this rock was indeed as sharp as knives.Somehow no issuing hard climbed even if successful, thisrock always seemed to have the last say. By this time amonth had passed and I was very grateful to have that aneshower on the way to the Gore Range in Colorado. Thissection of the course was by far the most demanding, themountaineering section. Stepping off the bus in Frisco,Colorado we looked back knowing that we were not tosee civilization for at least a month. There were 8 men andwomen in my group from all over the country. Each onehad a unique personality not knowing that we would allbecome closer to each other than family, possibly organismdependent during life threatening situations which weexperienced on many occasions. This in itself could beanother long story. By the end of this section we wererequired to do what they call a solo. In addition to rest upfor the 15 mile marathon and finals, (a week of travel) thiswas in any case used for reflecting on our experiences. The solowas for third days. During these three days we were all tobe separated about a quarter to half mile apart, alone. Allof our flashlights, candles, and watches were taken awayalong with any books which were left at base camp. All wewere allowed to take was our clothes, a tarp(not a tent)which wasnt but 5ft by 2ft, a water bottle, a pencil, paper,and our iodine to purify the water.I also want to note thatwe had the choice to fast or take a survival pack whichconsisted of a few crackers and raisins. I wanted the spaciousexperience so I chose to fast. This was a trip in itself, nofood for three days. My spot on this solo was at around

History Quizz

Question 1 With few precedents to guide them, the population of Mesopotamia adapted and createdAnswerSocial organizationWritingAgricultural cultivationDevelopment of religionCompetition amongst unlike groups 1 pointsQuestion 2 The earliest urban societies so far know emerged in theAnswerFirst millennium B. C. EThird millennium B. C. ESixth millennium B. C. ESecond millennium B. C. EFourth millennium B. C. E 1 pointsQuestion 3 After 3000 B. C. E. all Sumerian cities were ruled by what institute of government?AnswerMonarchyCouncils of elders DictatorsAssemblies of citizensMilitary governors 1 pointsQuestion 4 A Babylonian resurgence of power was led in the sixth century B. C. E. byAnswerNebuchadnezzarAshurbanipalSolomonSargonHammurabi 1 pointsQuestion 5 The designer of the first empire in Mesopotamia wasAnswerHammurabiMosesSargon of AkkadGilgameshNebuchadnezzar 1 pointsQuestion 6 Mesopotamian metalworkers discovered that if they alloyed copper and tin they could produceAnswerObsidian SteelIronSilverBronze 1 pointsQuestion 7 The word Mesopotamia meansAnswerThe thoroughgoing(a) land. The land of the strong. the blood of Gilgamesh. wedge-shaped. the land between the rivers. 1 pointsQuestion 8 Iron metallurgy came to Mesopotamia from theAnswerHebrewsHittitesPhoeniciansEgyptiansAssyrians 1 pointsQuestion 9 Enkidu wasAnswerThe Sumerian god of wisdomA leading Sumerian city-stateThe most unchewable Babylonian kingGilgameshs friendThe Hebrew word for holy. 1 pointsQuestion 10 Gilgamesh was associated with what city?AnswerJerusalemKishUrukLagashUr 1 pointsQuestion 11 Horse-drawn chariots were first invented by theAnswerEgyptiansAssyriansHittitesBabyloniansHyksos 1 pointsQuestion 12 Eridu, Ur, Uruk, Lagash, Nippur, and Kish were all associated withAnswerEgyptNubiaPhoeniciaMesopotamiaJerusalem 1 pointsQuestion 13 The original homeland of the Indo-European speakers wasAnswerMesopotamiaNorthern GermanySouthern RussiaIndiaEgypt 1 pointsQuestion 14 A Mesopotamian stepped py ramid was known as aAnswerCopticEriduLugalLex talionisZiggurat 1 pointsQuestion 15 The first abstruse society was developed in the southern Mesopotamian land ofAnswerAkkadAssyriaSumerBabyloniaPalestine 1 pointsQuestion 16 The most influential ancient Indo-European migrants into southwest Asia were theAnswerAssyriansAryansHebrewsBabyloniansHittites 1 pointsQuestion 17 Which of the pursuance languages is not of Indo-European origin?AnswerEgyptianSanskritOld PersianGreekLatin 1 pointsQuestion 18 The first simplified alphabet, containing only twenty-two letters, was created by theAnswerMesopotamiansAssyriansHebrewsPhoeniciansBabylonians 1 pointsQuestion 19 The Babylonians eventually fell in 1595 B. C. E. to theAnswerEgyptiansHittitesSumeriansHebrewsAkkadians 1 pointsQuestion 20 Mesopotamia developed intoAnswerA strict patriarchal societyA society where the sexes enjoyed relative equalityA predominantly matriarchal societyA society with few social distinctionsA society dominated by a growing mercantile middle class Miss oneQuestion 1 During the eighth century B. C. E. Egypt fell under the control of the _______ for around a century.AnswerPersiansRomansGreeksBabyloniansKushites 1 pointsQuestion 2 Meroitic writingAnswerHas now been completely translatedExpressed the general Egyptian optimism with lifeWas introduced into India by the Indo-EuropeansWas a Nubian script that borrowed Egyptian hieroglyphsCannot be read because its simply too different than its base cuneiform 1 pointsQuestion 3 Around _______ B. C. E. , peoples of the eastern Sudan started to domesticate cattle and became nomadic herders.Answer25,00018,000900040001500 1 pointsQuestion 4 In Africa, iron metallurgyAnswerWas introduced by Persian merchantsDid not appear until after the rise of trans-Saharan tradeArose independentlyBegan after an odd meeting between a Kushite king and the Egyptian explorer HarkhufWas imported into the continent by trade with the Mesopotamians 1 pointsQuestion 5 The most vig orous of all New Kingdom pharaohs was __________, who led his troops into Palestine and Syria and who evenreceived tribute from the Mesopotamian city-states.AnswerAhmosisMenesSargon of AkkadTuthmosis IIIHatshepsut 1 pointsQuestion 6 By spreading their language across a huge stretch of Africa, the Bantu played a role similar to that played by theAnswerIndo-EuropeansMongolsXiongnuVisigothsBabylonians 1 pointsQuestion 7 Hatshepsut wasAnswerA Mesopotamian king of the godsThe Hebrew term for their godThe first conqueror to unite all of MesopotamiaA woman who ruled Egypt as pharaohThe most important aboriginal city of the Harappan society 1 pointsQuestion 8 The Egyptian god of the underworld wasAnswerAmon-ReAtenHorusOsirisPtah 1 pointsQuestion 9 The Bantu probably began their migrations because ofAnswerInvasions from the Mediterranean basinA conscious desire for conquestThe bane of epidemic diseaseA desire to spread their monotheistic faithPopulation pressures 1 pointsQuestion 10 The la rgest Egyptian pyramids were built during theAnswerMiddle KingdomOld KingdomNew KingdomArchaic periodSecond Intermediary period 1 pointsQuestion 11 The early Sudanic societies recognized a single divine force as the source of good and evil, and they associated it withAnswerFireThe oceanThe sunRainThe moon 1 pointsQuestion 12 The Bantu originally came from aroundAnswerThe Swahili areaModern day NigeriaFar southern AfricaEgyptModern day Algeria 1 pointsQuestion 13 Which of the following societies began the custom of embalming to preserve the body for its life after death?AnswerEgyptMesopotamiaIndiaChinaPersia 1 pointsQuestion 14 Around 760 B. C. E. The Kushite King KashtaAnswerOfficially converted to the Egyptian godsFounded a dynasty that ruled Egypt for around a hundred yearsFormed a long-lasting trading agreement with Egypt, marking their first contactSurrendered to Assyrian dominationSurrendered to Egyptian domination 1 pointsQuestion 15 The Greek words meaning holy inscriptions r efers toAnswerHieroglyphsCuneiformThe Old TestamentThe Phoenician alphabetThe Coptic script 1 pointsQuestion 16 __________s is the largest of all the pyramids.AnswerSargon of AkkadKhufuHyksosMenesGiza 1 pointsQuestion 17 The Hyksos wereAnswerNomads who eventually colonised around the city of BabylonExternal invaders who helped bring about the end of the Egyptian Middle KingdomMesopotamian kingsThe priestly class in ancient EgyptDemons who punished the wicked in the Egyptian underworld 1 pointsQuestion 18 Around 3100 B. C. E. , the conqueror Menes founded ________, a city that would serve as the capital for early Egypt.AnswerHeliopolisKermaUruk MemphisThebes 1 pointsQuestion 19 Osiris judged whether or not souls were worthy for immortality byAnswerWeighing their hearts against a feather symbolizing justiceTheir completion of a journey full of testsThe individuals level of sincere faith in Osiris as a redeemerExamining their holiness at the moment of their deathTheir adherence to the Code of Hammurabi 1 pointsQuestion 20 Horse-drawn chariots and bronze weapons were introduced into Egypt by theAnswerHyksosBabyloniansKushitesHarappansQin

Importance of Descipline in Life Essay

Discipline means abiding by, or adhering to, certain rules or norms of favorable life. Discipline is what a person imposes on himself taking it as his duty to God, to society, or to some other institution. It remands a strict control over an individuals rights and privilege, which if allowed jutting uncurbed and unregulated may result in disorder and anarchy in social and political life of a country. Discipline is vital to a successful life. Without trail army is reduced to a disordered mob, democracy degenerates into monocracy and social life becomes chaotic and anarchical.Nature provides the best example of discipline in life. In nature all the planets move in their orbit the seasons change in accordance with a set order, day and night come through each other at regular intervals, Man must take lessons from Nature. Our life should be punctuated with discipline. Discipline is of prime importance in every orbit of mans life. In a family, members have to work as a cohesive team u nder the charge of the Pater families i. e. , the father or the bread-winner. besides if the sense of discipline is not instilled into the minds of the members, each going his own way in his own manner, life in the family becomes a living hell, in our social life, we are required to follow certain norms of behavior and make a harmonious adjustment between our rights and duties. Without this our social life will become a mess and will soon go out of gear. Even in small day-to-day things like walking along the road, boarding a bus, get a ticket from the counter or doing, or getting a work done in a government office, citizens must show a sense of discipline.Discipline is the backbone of the political life of a nation. If a political party is torn by internal rife or differences, or if it suffers from groupies or indiscipline, it cannot commend any prestige or following of the common man. If a leader is undisciplined, he cannot even dream of becoming a loved leader of the people. Dis cipline and democracy go hand in hand. Democracy necessitates a balance between rights and duties, between self-regarding actions and other regarding actions. But if in a democracy discipline is lacking, it will function like a fast running automobile without brakes.It is bound to result in chaos, and be replaced by a dictatorship or a totalitarian government sooner or later. Discipline is necessary both for the teacher and the students. A teacher is the leader of his charges He must possess and maintain an intellectual and moral discipline of a high order. However learned and scholarly a teacher may be, and if in his personal life he leads an undisciplined life, he will never be able to win and command the respect and obedience of students. Similarly, only a dedicated and disciplined student can carve out a brilliant career for himself and serve the motherland.Wanton indulgence in indiscipline, strikes, demonstrations, drug-addiction, beating up of teachers in examinations, molest ation of girls, boycotting classes, defying the authorities and fighting pitched battles with the police, which has become the bane of student life in free India of today are, in a way, the negation of the-very theme and blueprint of the student life. Disciplined students are the pillars of a nations strength and with their strength of character they can lift a nation to the great heights of progress. both(prenominal) people entertain the erroneous belief that discipline is a constraint on liberty and self-fulfillment. They are averse to disciplined and they reach very sagaciously whenever some restrictions are imposed. This is not correct. This type of freedom degenerates into license. We must realize that discipline alone can ensure all-round progress and advancement of the country. In fact, discipline is the basic principle behind the progress and smooth working of an individual and a nation. It is essential for the preservation of social values. But discipline should be inborn and self-imposed rather than externally imposed.

Oarland City Jail Closure Illustrates Naive Leadership Essay

The primary job of a metropolis government is to ensure overt golosh for every its dwellers and visitors. However, the metropolis council has refused to meet or ack this instantledge this critical and prime responsibility. Instead, it hands subsidies to favored developers. And swelling redevelopment empire, likewise, smothers day-to-day metropolis services.The city of Oakland atomic number 20 jail was closed on July 1, 2005. One year new-mader, the verdict is in closing the jail was a dumb move.It appears that at that place argon much unfavorable consequences to this city initiative than favorable ones. Hence, the aim of this research proposal is to study the effect or the impact of the resolve of the Oakland urban center jail on communities within the city.Some news items spicylighting abomination statistics that film occurred in the urban center of Oakland atomic number 20 were ga at that placed to serve as primary materials for this undertaking. For example, Rape was up nearly 12 percentage car thefts and burglaries up nearly 30 percent robbery up 18 percent some(a) of it in neighborhoods non accustomed to crime, reports first rudiment 7 News (6/12/06)Oaklands murder rate is rising five times faster than the region at large, (ABC 7 News, 6/12/06) and In Oakland, a city of 400,000, the death rate is 25.6 per 100,000 people, four times superiorer than the study rate of 6.1, according to the Alameda Country humanity Health division report (Mamberto, October 2, 2006) argon indicative of something undesirable are happing in the area.This research paper catch up with out seek the affirmation or override of this hypothesis statementThe reduction of the Oakland Police Department Fiscal Year budget for Fiscal Year 2005-2007 resulting in the closure of the city jail and ulterior elimination of 89 full-time positions has negative impact on the communitys safety.A correlation of the In capable Variable and Dependent Variable ordain be desig ned and structured accordingly from which conclusions forget be derived from.Appropriate statistical tools, like, sampling techniques, hypothesis testing, measurement of central tendency, descriptive statistics, probability statistics, illative statistics, among other, will be used. Data sh in all come from these sources (1) natures of the Oakland Police Department (OPD) (2) relevant literature, like, news items from TV, radio and print media (3) periodicals and (4) hearings.Introduction One year ago, on July 1, 2004, the Oakland City council closed the city jail. It was labeled a budget-cutting move, for an estimated saving of no more than than $3 million per year. A year later, the council just finished spending a $16 million budget surplus. Oakland lost a facility permanently on the basis of fluctuating budget numbers.The jail closure has further spirited law of nature work. OPD officers tell usThe processing time to put a detained or arrested psyche into the jail has mo re than doubled from 20 minutes to 45 minutes. In effect, the already understaffed plane section has lost a nonher several police officers.Criminals are now taken to the Countys Glenn E. Dyer Detention Facility, but the sheriffs there are not happy about the increased workload. They use various legal excuses that force Oakland to take the criminal all the way out to the Santa Rita jail.When Oakland had a jail, prisoners with minor health issues could be kept there and provided health care. Without a jail, the County pushes the prisoners to Highland Hospital, where Oakland police must guard them for hours or days.In an interview of some local residents, for example, a 20-year resident of 14th Ave. and E. 27th said she never experienced or witnessed any blood-red crimes until October of 2005she witnessed a man stabbed to death in front of her kin another interviewee, a 15-year resident of Grand Street, said his house was burglarized on July 2006 for the first time and a calendar mo nth later his neighbor was robbed at gun point in front of his house. These incidents are no ordinary occurrences in a community whose people expect continued and durable peace and order as well as universal safety.The closure of the Oakland City jail and the resultant elimination of 89 OPD personnel, it seems, have something to do with this ostensible serious problem besetting Oakland City today that threatens the social and emotional well macrocosm of its residents and visitors.Where are the city council members today who do the decision to close the city jail? Are they informed about or are they reading what are trumpeted by media outlets? Do they arguingen to affected local residents? Have they know the consequences of their decision lately? Do they have corrective plans to address the apparently undesirable results of their group decision?Literature Review The news items and results of personal interview of Oakland residents pertaining to the closure of the Oakland City jail will serve as initial sources of research development. Following are summaries of literature review for this undertaking (see complete literature in Appendix A and Appendix B).KTVU Channel (11/22/06) carries a report of tough crime rise of 34.2% in 2006.Oakland city still ranks high in crime category, reports CRIME (n.d.). This same media reports 132 murders committed as of November 2006 by an average age of 28 days old. The rate of killings increased to 21% from 94 in 2005 compared to 88 in 2004 and volume of the crimes being committed occur in the East and West parts of the city. ABC 7 News (July 11) besides reports worrying crime occurrences in Oakland having a soaring murder rate thats almost double the number of homicides right now compared to this time remainder year. And this demography can reach a triple digit rate by end of the year, if authorities do not start to act today. at that place is a stark difference of killings this timevictims are younger and their lives were pluck cold-bloodedly along populated alleys of the city. offence statistics have now reached the attention of national level with the involvement of FBI authoritiesthis development maybe reassuring to some but the other side of the fence confirms something ugly about the situation. Another ABC 7 News (6/12/06) circulates a headline about Oaklands rising murder rate to be five times faster than the country at large. The reason attributed in the big jump in murder is readily available handguns, gang and drug activity and disrespect for life. Whats adventure? Another disturbing information spread by the media is about rape. This time, it is up nearly 12 percent. Although Oakland police establishment is trying to do something to at to the lowest degree contain the alarming situation including saturating high crime neighborhoods, but the prospect of effective prevention is far from reality.North Gate News (October 2, 2006), likewise, has another corroborating trading floor for the day. Victims are relatively young individuals in their early adulthood of 20 to 24 and victims were identified to be African Americans. There is something contemptible about the figures reported, like, 45% of the offenders were actually under the care of the criminal justice system either on parole or probation when the murder occurred. And why 80% of violent crimes in the county occur in Oakland or to Oakland residents? Killings in the area keep rising. And what is really alarming to peace-loving residents of Oakland is the admission that Were in the middle of a public health crisis here . . .These news items have one thing in common emphasis on the increasing crime rate in Oakland City after the closure of the city jail. Relevant books, magazines, and professional journals are considered to be reviewed for this research work, too.Methodologies Crime-related research information will be collected from OPD records for the period January 1, 2003 up to December 31, 2005. T hese crime-related data will be classified and their occurrences will be tabulated statistically using applicable statistical tools, like, descriptive statistics, measurement of central tendency, among other. Statistics made by other entities will be considered and, thus, are planned to be gathered accordingly. A survey of residents in a West Oakland area is consideredthe data to be gathered will be pertaining to their feelings of security and insecurity as well as safety in their area stimulated by new-made rise of criminality which is hypothesized to be the result of the closure of the city jail.A specific methodology on (1) how the research questions are studied, (2) how existing data will be used, (3) how new data generated by the researcher will be incorporated to existing data, (4) how the primary research will be brought to the study, (5) how survey data will be used, and (6) how a sample population will be used, will be developed accordingly prior to the commencement of the research work.A correlation between the free-living variable and dependent variable (see below) will be designed and structured accordingly from which conclusion will be derived.The independent variable the Oakland Police Departments Fiscal Year 2005-2007 budget reduction and subsequent elimination of 89 full-time positions (see get across 1) gave rise to the dependent variableThe dependent variable a negative effect on the communitys safety.The expected or hypothesized negative impact of the closure of the city jail will be measured through the responses of respondents in a survey about their perceptions on the matter. On the other hand, the communitys safety will also be measured in the same manner as the former through survey made on the residents in which crime statistics are prevalent. submit 1. Full Time Equivalent Position EliminatedTitle/Position digit1.Watch correction Officer supervisor52. approach correction officer13.Control desk14.Public Representative Service15.Pr operty Correction Officer36.Admitting27. stem Correction Officer38.Search49.Print Room (1)310.Print Room (2)311.Watch Correction Officer312.Assistant Watch213.Booking Correction Officer314.1st Floor315.2nd Floor3616.Jail Kitchen staffs1217.Jail Utility Workers4Total Full Time Equivalent Position Eliminated89Results and Findings Table 2 shows an annual data sheet that will be used to capture data from OPD. Table 2.1 is a data sheet that will be used to capture data from OPD which is related to Table 2. Table 3 is a survey question that will capture the individual perceptions of respondents about the effect of the closure of the city jail in their area. Table 4 shows a survey question that will capture the individual perceptions of respondents how they are affected emotionally by the perceive rise of criminality in the area. The data classifications shown below are not limited in themselves, i.e., other data structures are considered upon the approval of the final research proposal.T able 2. Annual data sheet (data to be obtained from OPD)MeasuresMetrics from which data are derivedData obtained from OPD(Year 2003)Data obtained from OPD(Year 2004)Data obtained from OPD(Year 2005)(Research) just processing time to put a detained or arrested person into jail (minutes/arrest) minutes45 minutes minutesAverage number of criminals taken to the Countys Glenn E. Dyer Detention Facility (/per month) per month per month per monthAverage number of criminals taken to Sta. Rita Jail per month per month per month per monthAverage number of prisoners brought to Highland Hospital per month per month per month per monthAverage number of guards assigned to guard prisoners brought to Highland Hospital per month per month per month per monthTable 2.1 Monthly data sheet (data to be obtained from OPD)Metrics from which data are derivedYears, 2003, 2004, 2005TotalAve.JFMAMJJASONDAverage processing time to put a detained or arrested person into jail (minutes/arrest)Number of criminals t aken to the Countys Glenn E. Dyer Detention Facility (/per month)Number of criminals taken to Sta. Rita Jail per monthNumber of prisoners brought to Highland Hospital per monthNumber of guards assigned to guard prisoners brought to Highland Hospital per monthTable 3. accompany question on perception of the effect of the closure of the City JailSurvey questionYESNONOT SUREDo you think the closure of the Oakland City jail is the main cause of the rise of criminality in the area?Table 4. Survey question on how the emotional effect of the perceived rise of criminality in the areaSurvey QuestionNot affected at allMildly affected but do not feel afraidReasonably affected that I feel afraid being victimizedAffected that I feel constantly afraid being victimizedVery affected that it makes me feel nervous most of the timeHow much are you affected, emotionally (e.g., afraid that I will become a victim of crime) by the rise of criminality in the area?Conclusions and Recommendations After the completion of the planned activities for the research work and the consolidation of all pertinent information that made up this research, the manner of reporting the research findings and conclusion will be given special consideration considering the contents and scope of the undertaking. After submitting my veritable research work to my professor, I plan to discuss the results with county officials of Oakland California and hope to be able to convince concerned local county officials to support my recommendation for the reinstatement of the Oakland city jail to its former stature.Appendices The Appendices section will contain graphs and other objects that are integral part of the research. In this Research Proposal, Appendix A contains a list of literature (news items pertaining to the city of Oakland jail closure) while Appendix B contains the results of my personal interview of some of the residents of Oakland city.APPENDIX A List of Literature (News Items) Pertaining to the Ci ty of Oakland California Jail ClosureKTVU Channel 2 news11/22/06 reported that violent crimes rise 34.2% this yearSummary of Part 1 Crime Offenses, 2003 2005YearMurderForcibleRapeRobberyFelonyAssaultBurglaryTotalLarcenyAutoTheftTotalOffenses1 Year% Change20031092672,4452,7624,56812,5515,51128,213-5.56%2004822622,1902,6164,32410,9846,87727,335-3.11%2005932932,5902,5435,6467,087882127,073-0.96%www.oaklandnet.comCRIMEwww.wikepedia.orgThough substantial gains have been made as evidenced from the Uniform Crime Reports published by the FBI, the city still ranks high in California for most categories of crime. In the 2006 Morgan Quitno crime rankings, Oakland is ranked the eighth most dangerous city nationwide. Though it fared better than the California cities of Richmond, and San Bernardino, Oakland is the second most dangerous in California after Compton. As of November 2006, Oakland had 132 murders, with the majority of victims and/or murderers from an African American background and t he average age being 28 eld old. 14The murder rate increased 21% from only 94 murders in 2005, compared to 88 murders in 2004 being the lowest number down from 108 killings in 2003. The yesteryear few years into the millennium saw the lowest amount of murders, compared to the 1990s when there were known to be an average of 160 murders in Oakland each year.15 The majority of the crimes being committed occur in the East and West parts of the city.ABC 7 NEWSOaklands Murder Rate Is Soaring virtually Double Last Year At Same TimeBy Vic LeeJuly 11 KGO Oakland is dealing with a soaring murder rate thats almost double the number of homicides right now compared to this time last year.Unless police can slow down the murder spike, the city could face a triple digit murder rate by the end of the year.The graveyard display next to this church is sobering testimony.There may be more murders, but the profiles of both suspects and victims and the way they die have changed little.The killers and those killed are usually young African American men and the victims last breaths were taken mostly on sidewalks.Off. Roland Holmgren, Oakland police spokesman Most of our homicides happen on the streets and most of our homicides happen due to a gun.Behind the trigger? The usual causes. Drugs and gangs.This year, the face of those gangs is changing.Lt. Ersie Joyner, Oakland police homicide Hispanic gangs are up 20 to 25 percent. The victims are also young male Hispanics.In 1992, homicides reached record levels in Oakland.By July of that year, 106 people had been murdered, up more than 40 percent from the previous year.City officials considered drastic measures like curfews, street barricades and check points.The FBI and the state attorney general sent help to Oakland police.Likewise, federal narcotics agents have now joined forces with Oakland police who are now targeting high crime areas.Off. Roland Holmgren, Oakland police spokesman This strategic area command gives command the fl exibility to move officers throughout the city to attack hot spots.That strategy appears to be paying off with other crimes like rapes and domestic violence.Police have a problem in solving these crimes, which is common in other cities as well, and thats the reluctance of witnesses to come forward.The city of Oakland is just 23 shy of last years record for the entire year.ABC 7 News6/12/06Oaklands murder rate is rising five times faster than the country at large.Whats the reason for the big jump in murder? Law enforcement cites readily available handguns, gang and drug activity and disrespect for life.Other crimes in Oakland showed big increases too. Rape was up nearly 12 percent car thefts and burglaries up nearly 30 percent robbery up 18 percent some of it in neighborhoods not accustomed to crime.Oakland police are trying a number of different strategies to fight crime including saturating high crime neighborhoods with police as they did this weekend.North Gate News Online Repor ting by the UC Berkeley Graduate School of JournalismMurders Go Up and Oakland Tries to Understand WhyBy Carola Mamberto , October 2, 2006 0956 AMOAKLAND As murders continue to plague the streets of Oakland Most killings took place in the West Oakland and Elmhurst neighborhoods, and often did not have a known motive, although the police department believes they were mainly gang-related.The highest rate of murders was among 20 to 24 year olds.Victims were mainly African American (77%), as were suspects (63%).The average age of suspects was 28 years. The majority of them were not utilise anywhere 45% were actually under the care of the criminal justice system either on parole or probation when the murder occurred.Violent homicide and felo-de-se take the lives of more than 50,000 people in the United States each year, and are the third and fourth leading causes of death for people under 39 years of age.In Oakland, a city of 400,000, the death rate is 25.6 per 100,000 people, four times higher than the national rate of 6.1, according to the Alameda Country Public Health Department report.More than 80% of violent crimes in the county occur in Oakland or to Oakland residents.Murders are up 21% from last year so far there have been 20 more killings in the city compared to September 2005.Were in the middle of a public health crisis here, its very pregnant that we look at the problem in a more comprehensive way and start addressing the root causes of violence rather than its consequences, said Beyers.Its all about thinking of it as a preventable disease, he said.So far, the City of Oakland has adopted a mixed strategy to curb violence, combining rowdy enforcement with more prevention-oriented projects.In 2004, voters passed the Measure Y which sought $19.9 million a year for crime prevention, parolee jobs, youth programs and 63 new police officers, all paid through increased parking fees and a 10-year annual parcel tax.The measure is still far from being implem ented, city officials say, mainly because of staff shortages, curiously within the Oakland Police Department.This summer, as murder rates spiraled, police unveiled a plan to trace the citys 100 most violent residents.APPENDIX B Results of Personal Interview with Local Residents of Oakland City (A Prime Research Data)Following are the results of my personal interview with some of the local residents of Oakland City, CaliforniaMr. Yoichai who is a formal prison guard expressed anger over the closed of the jail, as a result of the closure he lost his job.Mr. one thousand & Mr. Bunger who were Correction Officers that lost their job as a result of the jail closure. These two gentlemen explains that as the result of the jail closure, not enough officers patrolling the streets because most officers are spending a lot of time on the freeway stuck in traffic ( during heavy traffic hour) trying to transport arresters to the Alameda County Jail.Once they get their they have to await longer than the Oakland City Jail. Investigators have to go all the way to the County Jail to interview inmates versus where they can just walk to the Oakland City Jail and get it done quicker and more convenience. Also the cost of gas, wear & tear of vehicles and overtime pay for those officers who get stuck on freeway and for officers who have to stay late or come in early while other officers are stuck on freeway.Mrs. Lauder who lives in 14th Ave and E. 27th for 20+ years and never experience or witness and violent crimes until October of 2005. She witnessed a man was stabbed to death in front of her house.Mr. Pardoza who lives on Grand Street for 15+ years his house for the first time was burglarized on July 2006 and a month later his neighbor was robbed at gun point in front of his houseBibliographyABC 7 News (6/12/06).Bennis, W. (1989). On Becoming a Leader. Reading, MA Addison-Wesley Publishing Company.Bowerman, B. L. & OConnell, R. T. (2003). Business Statistics In Practice. (3rd Ed.). Boston McGraw-Hill.Brill, P. L. & Worth, R. (1997). The Four Levers of Corporate Change. New York American Management Association (AMACOM).Cohen, A. (1993). The Portable MBA in Management. New York John Wiley & Sons, Inc.CRIME. www.wikepedia.orgJuran, J. M. & Godfray, A. B. (Eds.) (1999). Jurans Quality Handbook. (5th Ed.) New York McGraw-Hill.KTVU Channel (11/22/06). 2 news reported that violent crimes rise 34.2% this year. www.oaklandnet.com.Lee, V. (July 11, 2006). Oaklands Murder Rate Is Soaring Almost Double Last Year At Same Time.ABC 7 NEWS.Mamberto , C. (October 2, 2006). Murders Go Up and Oakland Tries to Understand Why. North Gate News Online Reporting by the UC Berkeley Graduate School of Journalism Oakland.Noe, Raymond A., Hollenbeck, John R., Gerhart, Barry, & Wright, Patrick M. (2000). Human Resource Management Gaining a rivalrous Advantage (3rd Ed.). Boston, MA Mc-Graw Hill.Scholtes, P. R. (1998). The Leaders Handbook Making things Happen, Getting Things Done. New York McGraw-Hill.Zand, D. E. (1997). The Leadership Triad Knowledge, Trust, and Power. New York Oxford University Press.

Management, Personal and Study Skills

In this section of my assessment for the Study Skills assignment, I will be producing a report, which will outline the contribution that I made within my separate in our show on Yankee Ireland.The presentment was conducted by a teeny group from the Business and Management Studies variant in Lancaster. The group consisted of five individuals, namely Chris G onlyagher, Peter Stephenson, David Long, Arif Patel and myself.The purpose of the demonstration was to inform the audience of the main aims and objectives of the assignment, and develop the audience of the main findings of the written report and country analysis. Furtherto a greater extent, the group believed that it would be beneficial to enlighten the audience of the conclusions and recommendations that we had made which related to the findings.Within the group, I contributed a great deal in the planning and writing up of the assignment. Our group communicated amongst itself both efficiently and effectively. Although we g athered on only the one occasion alfresco academic hours, this was extremely constructive as we were able to discuss and arrange the nine distinct sections of the creation. The reason we were unable to meet up more much is due to the fact that I did not have some(prenominal) contact numbers for the people in my group. This is because I was initially intending to wee-wee with a group from the Business and Management Studies class in Carlisle, which is where I have been studying the module. However, due to certain circumstances this was altered. Despite such impediments, the presentation was successfully absolute before the deadline date to the anticipated standard.In roam to bring the presentation together, we firstly completed the written section of the assessment, in which we again as a group were required to conduct a country analysis of Northern Ireland, which would cover all the aspects mentioned subsequently in this report. Accordingly, we condensed the information conta ined in our assignments, and utilised the or so important points in order to produce an effective presentation. Whilst completing the written section of the assignment, we met up on more than one occasion to complete the assessment.As a extend of the meetings, we decided to make a PowerPoint presentation of our chosen island, which was Northern Ireland and the various applicable issues. Our presentation was required to last for no overnight than fifteen minutes and no less than ten minutes. Upon completion of the presentation, it was apparent that most of our presentation ran according to plan and the learning outcomes that were outlined before the presentation had been met.During the group discussions, we chose to write about different aspects of Northern Ireland, namely the aims, the economic overview, the political stability and the primary export strengths. In the group, my usage was to explicate the kind issues in Northern Ireland. The presentation also included informati on on tourism, the transport infrastructure, the conclusion of our presentation and finally the recommendations we made on Northern Ireland.My role within the group of the nine sections comprised of the social issues and a point from the conclusion section in the presentation. Firstly, I decided to research the various social issues of Northern Ireland, and aimed to expand on a number of these issues. I investigated these certain aspects by using different types of research. The group decided on using OHTs and Microsoft PowerPoint in order to communicate effectively with our audience. Therefore, the research, which I collected on the social issues of Northern Ireland, which was my role in the presentation, was put on both OHTs and Microsoft PowerPoint.My role in the work of the group for the presentation involved introducing the facts of the social issues of Northern Ireland and writing up on one of the quadruplet points in the conclusion, which was linked to the social issues. I e xplained the four main social issues to the class and why these points exist. (See Appendix 1).The remaining sections were completed by the other members my group. We all contributed to reading the conclusion and recommendations slides in which we alternatively talked through all the points.Firstly, Craig Gallagher talked the class through the first two slides on the aims of Northern Ireland and the economic overview of the country, whereas David Long cover the political stability and the tourism sections. Peter Stephenson covered the section on the primary export strengths, leaving the transport infrastructure to Arif Patel. These members of the group also took certain points and went into detail when discussing their sections for the presentation.At the end of our presentation, we held a plenary session in which our audience were asked if they would like to ask any questions which could be answered on the different aspects which we discussed in our presentation. This demonstrated the audiences understanding of the information presented.The structure of our presentation included the clear use of Microsoft PowerPoint and the use of OHTs. this enabled the group to communicate more effectively with the audience, as it allowed visual aids to correspond with the verbal communication. The whole presentation was conducted around the use of the above in order for the audience to understand thoroughly the purpose of the presentation. I believe that my group successfully informed the class on our topic of Northern Ireland which we had chosen as a group with a mutual agreement. We chose our country from the list that had been given to us. As we held a plenary session towards the end of our presentation in which the class could ask our group questions, this allowed everybody a chance to express their views. All the discussions contained correct answers by the audience, which illustrated that we had covered all the topics effectively and resourcefully.If I was to carry o ut this particular, or any other, presentation in the future, I would ensure that my PowerPoint document is working well because in our presentation there was a problem with the PowerPoint, due to a technical hitch. This was the only aspect of the presentation which did not go according to plan. As a result of this, we were required to read off our print outs, which we had created in case of such circumstances. Another thing that I would change in the future is to be more organised and time efficient. This is due to the fact that we had to rush to put the presentation together, as we had all worked on our different sections of the assignment individually on our own. Therefore, when we met up we were required to organise our final piece, prior to the presentation.In addition, I feel that getting to know the members of a group and building a relationship betwixt each other is essential, as it can cause some awkwardness when you do not know all the members. However, I was fortunate, a s I knew some of them from my Economics class. Even though I did not know all of the members, we worked well together as a group and did not face any issues, which would have made it difficult for us to work as a team.To conclude this report, I feel that we were very successful in informing and motivate the class on our subject. The reason for this is that the class met the objectives, which we outlined at the beginning of our presentation and the met the criteria set in order to pass this section of the assignment.

Tok Can a Machine Know

In todays day and age, the question Can a Machine get by? is very important and relevant to what we argon doing with implements in making them more and more human standardised and cap fit of human functions. A railway car, as defined on Dictionary. com is an apparatus consisting of interrelated leave-takings with separate functions, used in the performance of some kind of work. That seems simple enough, not very complicated at al wiz. scarcely then if you look up know, the definition is very hard to grasp. Dictionary. com defines know as to perceive or understand as f phone number or rectitude to apprehend clearly and with certainty.This doesnt give much scantilyice to the word and requires you to define other terms such as understand and truth and certainty. It is much easier to use the term as defined according to Plato. His view is regarded to be the classical definition. According to Plato, at to the lowest degree three criteria must be satisfied in order for there to be knowledge a statement must be justified, true and believed. And so if a instrument meets each these requirements then it must in fact know. With machines, the main argument against their capabilty to know is that everything they tolerate do is because humans programmed them to do it.Machines cannot do anything on a whimsy they fork over no imagination or creativity. Creativity is one of the things that progress tos humans rather special and not just walking computer processors. It enables us to make decisions which are not based simply on algorithms or past history or other data. We can be bold, reckless, brave, and foolish or act in many other emotional ways. This is impossible to program as emotions do not lend themselves to mathematical analysis. Yet emotions are an essential part of knowledge.For example I know whether I am happy today or not and it probably affects what I do today more than the facts I actually know. Computers can never be happy or sad. They cannot lov e or grieve. They cannot, in other words, be human and know. But the other slope of the argument is that humans are just computers which contrary is the exact opposite stated in the above paragraph. We are just many bits and pieces that are all working together to let us live and experience life. In fact humans are classified as biological machines, and if humans can know anything, machines should be able to know.Many consider the only aspect that makes humans and other higher organic creatures different from the commonly defined machine is our ability to express emotions and intuition. These emotions and intuitions come from our mind, which is a governing body a system of biochemistry, electricity, some mechanics and maybe a bit of quantum mechanics, but a system nonetheless. If you take any individual part of this system away, none of these parts will understand anything. Theyre simply exchanging information with different parts according to heap rules.This is exactly what a ma chine does when given instructions and prior facts and figures. As I was researching this topic and looking at both sides of the argument, I admit I was very torn. At premiere I thought no, theres no way a machine can know. They dont have brains and everything they do is programmed beforehand for them by humans. But as I delved more deeply into the question I found that some advanced zombies are not quite like that. On Youtube, there are many videos which include Hondas robot, named ASIMO, that show machines can think very much on theyre birth.One video talks about how this robot can actually see, a trait we usually only give to living organisms. though it has two cameras for eyes, the way it processes the information it views through the cameras is very humanlike, like a child learning their surroundings. A man shows the robot objects that it has already learned to indentify and ASIMO says what they are out loud. But then the man shows it two completely different objects, a toy car and a toy robot, and tells ASIMO what they are. The man then shows the robot the two objects again and asks it what they are.ASIMO dutifully replies what each is correctly. This amazed me because it showed machines could actually learn from experience, just like humans. But that wasnt all, ASIMO was later told indentify a chair. At first a normal looking wood chair was placed in take care of it and the robot nodded. Then a stool was placed in front and ASIMO nodded again, even though the stool looks nothing like a chair. But then it is showed a table and ASIMO shakes his head no. This was very astounding to me because it showed a machine making a judgment.So to actually determine whether or not a computer can know, we must go back to Platos description of knowledge and see if a machine fits. The main purpose of most machines is to record vast amounts of data which are all truthful so that fulfills the first criteria easy enough. Then it must be justified which is done by the pr ogrammer feeding information to the machine. And last but not least it must believe and because the computer must follow the code its given, then it must believe and thus it fits all of Platos criteria for knowledge.But this just seemed too easy so I decided to look into the ways of knowing, and if the machine fit all those components, then it definitely knows. Though a machine can use reason to solve problems that no human can, use intuition to figure out if an object is a chair or not, verbalize in every language known to man, see objects and know what they are, and be able to hear a human and respond, machines still cannot experience emotion and that is the one thing stopping them from knowing. As stated in a previous argument, an essential part to knowing is through emotion and creativity and imagination.Without these things a machine cannot know. Until humans are able to make a machine that has the capacity that the human brain does, a machine will never know like a human. It will understand how to perform certain tasks and learn new things, but it will never be able to create something of its own or experience any type of emotion. In saying this, I do believe that in the near future, with technological advances, there will soon be a machine which can think for itself and have its own ideas and creations.Due to Raymond Kurzweils theory of Singularity, humans will create machines that have intelligence which surpasses their own and by that time machines will most definitely know. Because of the human sciences striving to create robots that are humanlike, they will eventually become successful and once the uncovering is made, then there will be thousands of different machines that can know and our society will have totally changed. But as of right now, a machine cannot know. It can perform very humanlike tasks and talk and walk and speak but there is still the barrier of not being able to imagine or feel which separates humans from machines.Bibliographyhtt p//www.sciforums.com/showthread.php?t=53888page=3

Life is Beautiful: A Summary

In the delineation Life is glorious, Guido, the Jewish- Italian, is the protagonist of the film. The tout ensemble movie spirals around him at all times. In the second part of the movie, Guido and his male child were obliged to board the death train that packed likes sardines towards the tautness camp. Guido clear knew that once they had disembarked from the train, there will be hardly any chance for them to return to where they belonged. Since Guido and his son, Giosue, stepped onto the train, not only they journeyed into the concentration camp they also voyaged into mountains of white lies which lie deep in the wonderful fantasies.In my opinion, I think that Guido made a overcompensate decision in lying to his son that the Holocaust events were a retributory a game. There are many reasons that Guido was right about in concealing the truth over his sons eyes. One of which is because his son, Giosue, did not subscribe to to be exposed to the unfair reality at such young age. The exposure to the cruel reality would only tarnish his childhood. It will be a heavy encumbrance for Giosue to live through his childhood under the scornful and mocking eyes of the so-called superior Italians knowing that just due to the fact that he is a Jewish people.Like any other parents, Guido was no different in protecting his son from the ruthless and unwanted veracity. It is obvious in the movie that Guido made no effort in order of battleing his love for Giosue while in the concentration camp. From hiding the truth about the Holocaust events to sharing his hard-earned plenty of food with his son, Giosue was showered bountifully with paternal loves. Guido kept telling Giosue that they were in a game, a real-life competition which the winner would be rewarded a real tank. Guido managed to keep Giosue in awes because he knew that tank was Giosues favourite toy.By creating wonderful fantasies over the hopeless situation, Guido swallowed down every moment of bitterness in e xchange of his sons ecstasy of becoming the winner of the game. This way of concealment revealed that Guido loved his son very much. Even in a harsh and hapless condition, Guido unperturbed managed to flash his smile to reassure his son that they were the top contender to earn the reward. Obviously, he never wanted a single bit of cruelty and immorality to corrupt Giosues childhood.In other word, he wanted Giosue to be like other hildren, relishing his childhood with bundles of toys and stacks of joyfulness. Indeed, Guido had to mask the truth for the sake of Giosues future. By telling Giosue that the Holocaust events were just a game, Guido gave Giosue the might to survive through the inhuman treatments in the concentration camp. In the meantime, thinking deeply, Guido also instilled determine and perseverance into Giosues little mind. By creating rules for the competition, Guido was actually training Giosue to be disciplined and meticulous in order to win the first honour.Guid o made titanic sacrifices behind all of his lies about the concentration camps. Even with the gun pointing at him from behind, his cheeky antic marching comforted and lightened up Giosue. savings bank the end, his walls of white lies and machinations shielded his son from the cruel reality. Guido died with his wondrous fiction without having to fret over the future of Giosue as his life and the lessons he had learned were very real. Is that right for Guido to tell his son that the Holocaust events were just merely a game? I certainly think that Guido was respectable and undoubtedly right in plotting his moves.He moulded his unseamed visual sense and full-heart-content love into amazing fantasies to shelter his son and protect his sons future. It is what all great parents will do. In the movie, Guido used his vast imagination to make the best out of the wicked fate of him and his family. Guido was a downright optimistic and creative person. He made good use of the situation and eve nts to show his imagination which often leads into bursts of laughter. Guido created fictitious world for those around him, especially his wife, Dora and his son, Giosue. He always referred Dora as princess and claimed to be a prince himself.When Guido mounted on a vaulting horse to rescue Dora, he was in fact entertaining the fantasy of the knight rescuing the damsel in distress. Nevertheless, he was literally saving her from her surroundings and actually was whisking her out-of-door on a horse. Although they both knew the truth, they were willing to entertain the fantasy and play the game. In this way, Guido formed a way for him to cope with reality and impregnated it with beauty and grand fantasy. Guido also cultivated several coincidences so that he could appear to have controlled fate and performed trick.He was not delighting in fraud or deception, he actually enjoyed creating other world of wonders for someone else. This accentuates the idea that a persons perception is es sential and fundamental to his manipulations and hence he affects how they handle the rest of the world. Guidos improve life was brought to a halt when he and his family were forced to board the one-way train, however his creativity and imagination were never cease to exist. Guidos imagination not only aided him in winning Doras hands over her fiance as well as shielded his son, Giosue from the spears of discriminatory treatments.When Guido told Giosue that everything in the concentration camp was just a game, he was creating a fiction, in other words lies, to keep Giosues spirits up. Although his fiction seemed exaggerated, he aimed to protect his son from the wicked reality. At end of the film, Giosue had survived the concentration camp with perseverance and courage. Eventually, Giosue claimed his first prize, a ride on the real tank. In the movie Life is Beautiful, fantasy is truly believed can become reality.

Effective Classroom Management Essay

some get a line principles in classroom management and their implications to teaching. According to James H. Stronge in his book Qualities of Effective Teachers, some guiding principles in classroom management are the following Consistent, proactive discipline is the crux of effective classroom management. Inside the classroom, we could always expect some disciplinary problems, but some instructor could immediately handle the said problems.Instead of formulating immediate medicine for the behavioral problems, the teacher should focus on how to pr up to nowt these predicaments to occur. As some(prenominal) as possible, lets avoid dilemmas because its too pathetic for us to cry over spilled milk. Establish routines for all daily tasks and needs. To avoid turmoil inside(a) the classroom, the teacher must ascertain routines from the start of the class, up to the class dismissal. This could also help a lot in saving much time and military campaign because their work is already i n routine.Orchestrate smooth transitions and continuity of momentum throughout the day. As much as possible, the teacher must avoid dumb moments inside the classroom to motivate the students to always pay attention to the speaker. The teacher must scheme smooth transitions of activities inside and outside the classroom throughout the day. disclose a balance variety and challenge in students activities in the classroom. There should be a variation of activities inside the classroom to avoid the students and even the teacher from being bored.As classroom manager, be aware of all actions and activities in the classroom. Even if the teacher is not around, she is still responsible for the students. That is why she must neck the things that are happening inside the classroom and what her students are up to. Resolve minor inattention and disruption before they became major disruptions. Disruptions seem to be go away in every classroom and in every lesson. No matter how big or small the hitch is, it could still give so much distraction not only to the teacher, but foremost to the students.That is why, if the disruption is still controllable, the teacher must try to stop it before it becomes too late for her to control the situation, and worse, it could spoil the whole transition of the lesson inside the classroom. Reinforce positive behavior. To motivate the students to always do the good and right thing, the teacher should always pay even the simplest compliments in her students actions especially to the appreciating ones. Treat minor disturbances calmly.If a simple rising of the voice could control the simple problem, then do it. Theres no need for you to be hysterical and over-react on something thats just under control. Work out a physical arrangement of chairs that facilitates an interactive teaching-learning process. Some teachers change seating arrangement quarterly. This is to enhance interactions between the teachers and students. Make good use of every i nstructional moment. Minimize discipline time to maximize instructional time.

New Ending to the Adventures Essay

My Ending Huck has to decide if he wants to be part of society or completely against it Huck has to choose if he wants to travel in Indian terrority or have a family and live with aunt sally.Jim is rationalise and aunt sally offers him and his family a military control to work around the farm Huck decided to stay with aunt sally Why I did what I didHuckleberry Finn was a good password because twain was trying to make a huck an commutative character who went against societys unwritten rules (examples did not want to be civilized helped a buckle down lied a lot etc) however I felt that huck s character ripening lacked in the end of the book. Huck never really had much of a family.Throughtout the novel he stayed at the hypocrctal ms Watson s place or his drunk fathers place I treasured huck to finally have a really good family to grow up in and be surrounded by people who love and care for him.He made a connection to jim and aunt sally and he didnt want to let go of that. Chapter 43 a paid free slave, adventures or a home, yours truly, Huck Finn When I got tom by myself, I asked him what purpose was had of the plan he made and why he never went ahead and warned me Jim was free in the first place. Tom replied by saying I hadnt had no idea how to have a good time and I would have spoiled the whole thing by calling the plan unreasonable. I reckoned he was probably right but I didnt admit it out loud.Aunt Sally was being detestably nice to Jim after she found out all the trouble he went though and how nice he treated Tom. He got all he wanted to eat and uncle Silas was so nice he offered Jim a job at the farm. Well I never did see a slave so joyful. He started babbling to me approximately how his hair ball was right and it predicted he be making some money. Tom he was heading back home and told me we ought to have another one these adventures soon. As for me I was preparedness on heading out to the Indian Territory for my next adventure.Yet Aunt Sally reck oned Id stay with her. She wanted to adopt me and I werent so sure that I was against the idea. I wasnt too fond of being civilized but Aunt Sally aint so bad and I shouldnt be saying this but Id fell that feller Jim. I think they care about me and I guess I care about them too. I figure Ill try this thing out but I dont guarantee Ill be staying. I might be gone by tmorry. genius thing for sure I wont be writing no more. Writing this book was enough trouble I aint planning on doing it again. Yours truly Huck Finn.

Characteristics of a Good Friend Essay

The characteristics of a favorable friend to me is truthfulness , dependability and hard-corety. I am going to give details on specific ways of being a cracking friend that benefit me. I plan to describe my opinions toward block style writing to give you gain understanding about my be guilefs as a good friend. Basic thoughts about being dependable , devoted , and trustworthy.A good friend is person who is truthful to me , a mortal who never lies to me , about anything , whether it be good or bad. A good friend is someone whos there for you when you going finished problems. This is someone who ordain have your a keistertha through good or bad times. This person will be there when you make a helping hand. A good friend never back stab a admittedly friend. This is someone who does not sugarcoat the message that he or she is delivering to me. This person is well brought up in a church and stable environment. As being a true friend he or she can be around my husband and never have to manage about them flirting or making a move towards him , or backstabbing. Someone who , when I use up a question, I need information about something, he or she gives me the real deal.Dependability is a major factor in my characteristics of a good friend. Why is it? Because this person is always there when I need them. I can feel comfortable knowing that when I need this person he or she will try their best to come through for me. Also, he or she is a group player, meaning that one knows when you are in the clutch and can call on them to help you. wherefore if they cannot help you at that particular time , they will not lie to you or mislead you in the wrong direction. Finally, this person has coherentevity track record with you. This particular person has been friends with you for a long time. This is someone you have confidence in.Loyalty fits perfectly with my characteristics of a good friend. Telling the truth by removed , is one of the most honorable things that I look for in a friend. Being loyal is not about bowing down , but it is a respect that they and I share and understand. Loyalty is equal having someone that you feel as though you can express your true feelings with. This type of person you can share secrets with. A friend is someone who loves you , not sexually , but in a complaisant way. This individual has never broken the code. This special friend you have known for a very long time. Being loyal to me starts within yourself. A good friend who is loyal will never lie , or deceive you. Not to say that tis person is perfect , but they know the dos and donts in the relationship.Being trustworthy lets me know who is for me and who is not for me. Being dependable , when I need this person he or she lets me know that I can trust this person. Also this person is loyal and you never has to worry about. It is a good thing to have someone who meets your expectations. Furthermore , when you sow good seeds , you shall reap good friends as well. This means that a knowledge is beautiful , is honest , it is impeccable. A friendship sort of like having Jesus Christ in your life. He is my best friend.

Port scans and ping sweeps Essay

Regarding your recent request about more study on ping chimneysweeps and look scans, I am going to provide you with some information to help you with any confusing that you may have. larboard scans and ping sweeps are networking tools that admins use to perform normal and common functions such as, checking server to see if it is political campaign correct or to determine with services are open so they can receive definitive updates. Hackers use the same function which can provide a hacker with information.Port scans, like I stated earlier, are used to discover what services are running on a sealed machine. Each service offered by our servers makes user of ports by which TCP/IP requests are sent. Hackers use this information to determine what types of vulnerabilities they can use this is why the only ports that are open are the ones that we are using. By keeping all former(a) ports closed this keeps hackers from opening other unnecessary openings.Ping sweeps are often used in combination with Port scans, similar process. Ping sweeps are used to see what targets are available on the network. For instance, we may be on a 192.168.1.0 vlan with only a few computers. The router or DHCP server will assign each machine with its own IP address in swan by request, by doing this the IP address can get out of order. A Ping sweep of the IP range 192.168.1.1 192.168.1.99 would show the computers are currently on the network. Hackers do this to gain as practically access as possible.Port scans and Ping sweeps are something that every(prenominal)one should know about and know what they do. These are something that every company should worry about. These are the most common ways that hackers will get information from other computers. One of the first things you can do in order to occlusive unauthorized access to it, is to block unneeded ports on your computer, and disable applications that are not really needed and that can be barbarian for your computer. It is h ighly recommended to install a software firewall on your computer, or at least a port blocking utility.

Customer Engagement on Facebook

Individual inquiry Customer affaire of commercial crack alliance on Facebook Ms. Benchawan Phumphuengsri ID 543-9374 iMBA Batch 3 Section 19 BP6993 Individual research Submitted to Assistant Professor Dr. Kriengsin Prasongsukarn Graduate civilize of business Assumption University Submission see 12 April 2013 Word count .. words Abstract The renegade of the Internet in worldwide there be opportunities and challenges maintain emerged for food foodstuffing leaf blades and products.In its early days, the Internet was seen as an opportunity for marketers to communicate with consumers, and even to pack the guest in two-way communications. However, consumers argon becoming outmatch by marketers attempts to engage them in blood marketing strategies. The marketing managers and planners should apply new ideas in put to make their stain residential district more than than efficient beca hold traditional web sites be no time-consuming motivating nodes to return and inte ract to the site.So it is important for the marketer to find out the strategy that involves the inventment of a virtual conjunction around the place by focusing on perceive returns such(prenominal) as cordial do goods, delight benefits and economic benefits to the guest by using online media and cordial network which be more powerful marketing cocksuckers in the current day. In addition, interactions among fellow members can influence the selection of places, making effective communities very important for the company.In magnitude to get a better understanding of the important factors of partnership involution behaviour, this psychoanalyse get out show which factor lead to successful online strategies for the marketing on Facebook strike out rogue by using Product Moment Coefficient Pearson Correlation (Bivariate) to analyse the shiftings and explain that how social benefits, economic benefits and delight benefits have a descent on guest conjunction of int erests escort behaviour. Acknowledgements To complete my individual inquiry, I would standardized to thank you my advisor Assistant Professor Dr.Kriengsin Prasongsukarn for all aidful advices and guidance since the beginning up to the individual research completion. Moreover I have learned many things from him during the consulting time and he prompt me to try harder to understand and apply his teaching to real practice. I would like to thank to all of my friends, iMBA arm 19 for their advice and encouragement which supported me to finish this individual research. Thank you to respondents of my questionnaires.Lastly I would like to thank my family who everlastingly believe in me that I could do study and work at the same time. I promise this research will be benefits the business towards understanding ways to enhance customer engagement with their commemorates. accede of Contents CHATER 1. 1 INTRODUCTION . 1 1. 1 Background of the topic .. 1 1. 2 Statement of the problem. 3 1. Research Objectives. 3 1. 4 Scope of Research .. 4 1. 5 Limitations of research .. . 4 1. 6 Significant of study . 5 1. 7 Definition of terms .. .. . 5 CHATER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW.. 5 2. 1 Theoretical Literature .. 5 2. 2 related Literature Review . . 7 2. 3 Summary dodge of findings of prior researches. .. CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH abstract FRAMEWORK 11 3. 1 Theoretical Framework 11 3. 2 Conceptual Framework.. .. 12 3. 3 Research hypothesis .. .. .. 13 3. 4 Operationalization of the variables .. 14 CHAPTER 4 info ANALYSIS AND conduct.. 15 4. 1 Method of Research 15 4. Source of Data .. 15 4. 3 Research instrument . 15 4. 4 Data analysis . 16 4. 5 Summary of Hypotheses Testing . 22 CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION. 23 5. 1 Conclusion .. 23 5. 2 Recommendation 24 5. 3 Future Study 25 REFERENCE. . 26 entreeory A summary . 28 Appendix B Questionnaire . 2 Customer engagement in a Facebook commercial set club CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1. 1 Background of the to pic The reason to select the studying community engagement deportments in a Facebook marking community of customers is beca uptake nowadays Facebook is a very famous social-networking website that has impacts on daily disembodied spirit and it socially influences the peoples choices. The world is moving toward the cyber world is which internet connections are easily access and reachable for every households and businesses.This study will show how the customer community engagement behavior affects perceived benefits of the Facebook commercial sucker, and user of its services and applications. We will focus on almost(prenominal) male and young-bearing(prenominal) respondents who are Facebook users and fans of at last one brand on Facebook, because these people can respond to our questionnaire effectively as they already experience social-networking. The company is looking for ways to brand loyalty among customers as the brand community offers both(prenominal) companies and cus tomers new ways to engage with each other.Whilst companies aim at engaging with influencing members perceptions, loyal customers nigh the brand, sharing information, and learning from and almost customers (Algesheimer et al. , 2005), customers perceive think of finished the variety of practices that they execute offline and online (Schau et al. , 2009). Although originally, an online brand community referred to a community on the www, recently social media network has been added to companies marketing and brand building activities (Kaplan and Haenlein, 2010).Attracted by the great number of users of Facebook so, the creative marketing occupation in Facebook brand community will progress to people to participate and make the brand succeed. This study will help the firm understand more slightly customer engagement in the Facebook brand community. 1. 1. 2 Social Network, Facebook Over the last years, the ways people search, share information and communicate with each other has c hanged dramatically (Hennig-Thurau et al. , 2010). Social media networks such as Facebook, Twitter, or YouTube are playing a major role and are more important in business communication.The changes force the company and brand to focus on online services in order to compose family family relationships to customers. Facebook allows companies several services to contact and communicate with their customers. Fan rogues are a very interesting tool for companies to use. Usual characteristics of fans are self-identification as a fan, cultural competence, emotional engagement, co-production and auxiliary inhalation (Kozinets et al. , 2010). The Internet brought the first step to overcome geographical restrictions and also help the company build fan communities world-wide.In practice, Facebook users can be fans of a fan scallywag by pressing the like-button, then it identifies that they like this brand and will present their profiles on social network. The limit and information of fan page is automatically posted to the customer is Facebook news feed, and the customer can post comments on the fan page, interact with the brand, forward offers from the page as well as the interact with other community members (Jahn and Kunz. ,2012). 1. 2 Statement of problem As a social network, Facebook has touch on the social life and activity of people in several ways.With its availability on many meandering(a) devices, Facebook allows users to continuously stay in touch with friends, relatives and other connections wherever they are in the world, as persistent as there is access to the Internet. It can also tie people with same interests or beliefs finished groups and other pages. This study will help the company to understand more how community engagement behavior in Facebook is important to the company for implementing the technique to get company brand perception and gain market share via Facebook.In addition, engaging with the brand community in divers(prenominal) be haviors, receive several(predicate) relationship benefits, for object slighton amusement, may make customers more satisfied. This assumption is gripd on the reasoning that customers. This study will check out how a customer engagement behavior affects consumers perceived benefits, and assume a positive relationship amidst the work ups. (Gummerus et al. , 2012) 1. 3 Research objectives The research objective is to study the affects of community engagement behaviour of Facebook commercial brand on perceived benefits.The company can know more insight of customer behaviour specially the company who focuses on social network marketing activities. This study will help the company create marketing and content to their page on Facebook effectively to increase perceived benefit of the brand. * To study community engagement behaviour has a positive relationship on social benefit * To study community engagement behaviour has s positive relationship on delight benefit * To study commu nity engagement behaviour has a positive relationship on economic benefit 1. Scope of research The research studied the affects of community engagement behaviour on triplet factors of perceived benefits. The three separate variables of perceived benefits factors are social benefit, merriment benefit and economic benefit. The respondents of this research are male and womanly Facebook user in Bangkok. This research result would be advantage to the marketing department of the company who has community page of their brand on Facebook they can apply more attractive activities for their members.This study will help them to monitor their Facebook fan page effectively after they understand the fact that the brand community will help a firm draws individual customers and to create relationships with those customers, and also establishing long-term relationships. 1. 5 Limitations of research in that location are some limitations to this study of customer community engagement behaviours o f commercial brands on Facebook. The study is express to the engagement behaviour in a Facebook commercial brand community, while customers also engage with the brand in other ways.The limitations that need to be considered are first, self-selection of respondents affects the results which may come from inactive community users. Second, the behavioral ms were reported by the respondents themselves, and do not know that the answers are from actual behaviour or not. Finally, because the findings are based on commercial brand on Facebook page and the respondent have to be both Facebook user and commercial brand community page so this will represent only some portion of target customer of the company not the whole market 1. Significant of the study The findings in this study have several implications for social media strategies, and help the company to understand why customers participate in the Facebook brand community which is important to increasing more numbers of Facebook users to become brand community members and towards develop marketing on Facebook, which is lower cost than other commercial media. Firms may want to encourage and honour consumers to become more active on the site to receive maximal perceived benefits from the community (Gummerus et al. 2012). 1. 7 Definitions of Terms Fan pages the important tool on Facebook for brand communication. The company can use to mingle and interact with the customers effectively (Dholakia et al. , 2004). conjunction engagement behaviour is the customer behaviour that is more value than get the product or service, and can be defined as a customers behavioural manifestations that have a focus as motivational drivers rather than purchasing by the brand or firm (van Doorn et al. , 2010).Social benefits results from interaction among the company and consumer and mention to recognition and also friendship (Gweinner et al. , 1998). sport benefits is the relaxation and delight which customer perceive and could e ncourage community participation (Dholakia et al. , 2004). Economic benefits refer to people joining brand communities in order to get discounts and time savings, or to take part in marketing activity campaign and competitions (Gwinner et al. , 1998). CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2. Theoretical Literature Customer engagement in brand communities Customer engagement in brand communities causes the customers interactive experiences direct to the brand, is context-dependent, and develops consumers experience of brand value (Brodie et al. , 2011). Customer engagement is some clock used to represent the highest form of loyalty (Bowden, 2009 Roberts and Alpert, 2010), but as behavioural indicator it comprises all kinds of behaviours, not only those that are characteristic of high degrees of loyalty (Libai, 2011 Narayandas, 1998).The customer engagement consists of five dimensions. First, customer engagement can be defined in a different ways depending on customer time, interest or preferen ce this called customers resources. Second, it can fall in in different of outcomes for the customer such as improvement in the service. Third, it can be different in scope and be momentary, for example on going behaviour or issuing a complaint. Fourth, it has various impact on the company both negative and positive impact. Fifth, customer can engage in the behaviours for specific purposes (van Doorn et al. , 2010).Consumers engage in a number of behaviours that tie their relationship with the brand. For example frequency of visit, buying behaviours, and intended behaviour which go beyond the traditional measuring stick of the loyalty of the customer (Gummerus et al. , 2012). comprehend benefits of customer engagement in brand communities Before the existence of Web 2. 0, the customers did not consider social benefits important in an online context. They sought to experience trust benefit and special treatment benefit such as saving time and receiving special service rather than experience social benefit (Yen and Gwinner, 2003).The previous research studied on practical benefits which included informational and instrumental benefits (Dholakia et al. , 2004) which are often achievable through a Facebook fan page set up by the company. This study is focused on social, pleasure and economic benefits which we called perceived benefits. The reasons that people use social networking site are social connections such as keeping in touch with their friends and exchanging information such as events or gossip, (Raacke and Bonds-Raacke, 2008). In similar interest, shelter et al. 2010) fix the important motivation of people to participate the social network is the perceived information value from the community and the connection to their friends. The experiential value that derives the satisfaction of the customer of using online services is entertainment (Mathwick et al. , 2001 Nambisan and Baron, 2009 Nonnecke et al. , 2006). Entertainment benefit can be expected a s an important more than e-commerce in a brand community context. The Facebook fan pages spend their time with the community page such as game applications (Gummerus at al. 2012). Many previous researches also show that entertainment plays an important role as shared and consumed content on social networking sites (Sheldon, 2008 LaRose et al. , 2001). Economic benefits (Gwinner et al. , 1998) mention to people connecting brand communities because they want to get discounts and time savings, or to be a part in awards and competitions. 2. 2 Related Literature Review Brand fellowship The companies aim to engage with the loyal customers, influencing the member to have good perception toward the brand, distributing information and earning form and about customers (Algesheimer et al. , 2005), customer perceive value from the variety of practice that they perform online and offline (Schau et al. , 2009). An online brand community referred to a community on the World Wide Web, recently soc ial media has been added to companies marketing and brand building activities (Kaplan and Haenlein, 2010). In this study, brand community is defined as a group of people who possess a particular brand or who have a strong interest in a brand, and who are active both online and offline (Muniz and OGuinn, 2001 Jeppesen and Frederiksen, 2006).Research on brand communities found several different dimensions, including geographic concentration, social context, size, and temporalty (Dholakia et al. , 2004 McAlexander et al. , 2002). Regarding the size, Dholakia et al. , (2004) found the differences between small group-based communities and big communities in terms of motivation to join the communities. Another dimension is their temporality in communities, some are unchanging and others are short-term.The temporal stability of community members can be benefit to marketers as well as longevity associates with a long-term, stable market. Finally, geographically concentrated or scattered ar e considered as a dimension of communities (Hur at el. , 2011) The keys of brand community participation are hedonic and functional. Functional goals mention to information sharing among community members, while hedonic goals lead customer to have a positive experience over the interactions among the member (Holland and Baker, 2001).Regardless of which aim is established before a participation, the effect of brand community on private lives has been growing, for example over actual product consumption and purchasing, or the formation of opinions toward products or brands (Hagel and Armstrong, 1997), since they have been changing the role performed by existing reference groups (Constant et al. , 1996). The firms have begun to use brand communities for the strategic purpose of getting closer to a specific target market segment.Members of a brand community define the outline and particular community activities by the inter-relationships between members who like the same brand, and as t hey share information about the brand (Muniz and Schau, 2005), they set up brand-centered sub-culture (Schouten and McAlexander, 1995), which could be utilize for companies brand-building strategies. Then, the interaction between brand communities and companies is helpful for the firms to analyse customers characteristics and needs more accurately, so that firms can reach long-term customer relationships at a lower cost. . 3 Summary table of findings of previous researches. thither are many researchers who studied about the customer engagement, brand community, social networking, social benefit, entertainment benefit and economic benefit. The researcher name, objective and result are as follow Table 2. 1 previous(prenominal) empirical studies CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK 3. 1 Theoretical Framework From previous research two engagement behavioural factors were found, one being community behaviour and one being transactional behaviours as independent variables (Gummerus et al. , 2012).The variable measuring how often customers visit the page and react to the brand on Facebook. Therefore, the three constructs were social benefits, economic and entertainment benefits as mediator. The dependent variables were relationship outcome, one is satisfaction and one is loyalty. public figure 3. 1 Model of study on relationship benefits mediate the effect on customer engagement on relationship outcomes Source Johanna Gummerus, Veronica Liljander, Emil Weman, Minna Pihlstrom, (2012),Customer engagement in a Facebook brand community, Management Research Review 35 (9), 857 877 . 2 Conceptual Framework The theoretical framework of relationship benefits mediate the effect on customer engagement on relationship outcomes (Gummerus et al. , 2012). The researcher adjusted the conceptual framework to study the relationship on customer engagement behaviour and perceived benefits as follows pick up 3. 2 Conceptual Framework There are three independent variables which a re social benefit, entertainment benefit and economic benefit. The dependent variable of this conceptual framework is community engagement behaviour. . 3 Research hypothesis The hypotheses studies the relationship between customer engagement behaviour which is community engagement behaviour about the brand community on Facebook and perceived benefit which are social benefit, economic benefit and entertainment benefit and demonstrate that there is positive relationship of customer community engagement behaviour on perceived benefit for Facebook users in Tailand. Customer engagement in brand communitiesFrom previous studies, the researcher examined the customer behavioural engagement in a brand community relationship on perceived relationship benefits of Game Club in Facebook. For this study we will study a customer community engagement behaviour relationship on perceived relationship benefits of Facebook user in siamese connectionland who are members of the commercial brands fan pag e. Perceived benefits of customer engagement in brand communities From previous studies, the researcher examined the relationship benefits mediation of customer engagement on satisfaction and loyalty of Game Club in Facebook.For this study we will research the relationship of customer community engagement behaviour and perceived benefits which are social benefit, entertainment benefit and economic benefit of Facebook user in Thailand who is fan page of the commercial brand. Hence, the hypothesized present can be summarized as shown below H1 Community engagement behaviour has a positive relationship on social benefits. H2 Community engagement behaviour has a positive relationship on entertainment benefits. H3 Community engagement behaviour has positive relationship on economic enefits. 3. 4 Operationalization of the variables CHAPTER 4 DATA ANALYSIS AND RESULT 4. 1 Method of Research The Facebook user who is a member of the fan page of the brand on Facebook is defined as a target gr oup to distribute the questionnaire in order to test the hypothesis. The questionnaires are available into two methods one is online questionnaire and second is questionnaire paper. The respondent who answered the questionnaire of this study is all Thai Facebook users and also being a fan page of commercial brand on Facebook.The questionnaire combined 4 constructs which are customer community engagement behaviour construct, social benefit construct, entertainment benefit construct and economic benefit construct and consists of 23 questions which this research applied the question from the previous study base on this research objectives. 4. 2 Source of Data This research was applied from the previous study of customer engagement on Facebook. The information was collected from 208 respondents who are Facebook users and members of a commercial brand fan page and were tested to prove the hypotheses.The researcher collected data by distributed 58 questionnaires in Siam Square, Assumption University and Thai Summit Tower building in Bangkok, and posted a questionnaire online for Thai Facebook users and there is 150 respondents from online questionnaire. The date duration to collect the data is 24th February 2013 to 12th March 2013. 4. 3 Research instrument The instruments for concourse the data for the research are online questionnaire and paper questionnaire.To test the hypothesis the question paper consists of varies specific questions to measure the relationship of community engagement behaviours on three perceived benefit, social benefit, economic benefit and entertainment benefit. The questionnaires consist of four constructs. The Community engagement behaviours the perceived benefit statement was measured on a Five-point Likert scale with the anchors Strongly agree Strongly disagree. Table 4. 1 Measurement Scale 4. 4 Data Analysis In this research, there are three types of data synopsis.First, this study uses descriptive analysis to analyse the frequency an d plowshare of the data in screening question and demographic information. Second, this research use dependability analysis to test the reliability of each question for dependent and independent variables. Finally, this research use inferential analysis to analyse the correlation between variables by using Pearson correlation (Bivariate). Descriptive Analysis After screening question of the questionnaire from 208 respondents there are 200 respondents who are Facebook users and be a member of brand fan page and 8 respondents who are not Facebook user.The following table shows the frequency and division of demographic by using descriptive analysis. Table 4. 2 Screening question Facebook user From table 4. 2 of 208 respondents, we found 200 respondents are Facebook users 96. 2% (200) and 3. 8% (8) are not Facebook user. Brand fan page on Facebook From table 4. 2, after the first screening question we got 200 respondents who are members of a brand fan page on Facebook. Frequency of v isit fan page From the table 4. 2, the highest portion of visits to brand fan page on Facebook of the respondents is 1-3 times per week and the last percentage is once a month or seldom.There are 37. 5% (75) of respondents who visit 1-3 times per week, 29. 5% (59) of visit daily, 20% (40) of 4-6 times per week, 7% (14) of 2-3 times per month and 6% (12) of once a month or seldom. Table 4. 3 Demographic information Factor of Gender From the table 4. 2, the highest percentage of respondents was female. There are 56. 5% (113) of female respondents and 43. 5% (87) of male respondents. Factor of Age From the table 4. 2, the highest percentage of respondents was age 25-29 years old and the lowest percentage is age below 20 years old.There are 69% (138) of age 25 to 29 years old, 16% (32) of age 21 to 24 years old, 12. 5% (25) of age 30 and to a higher place and 2. 5% (5) of age below 20 years old. Factor of education level From the table 4. 2, the highest percentage of respondents was college/university level and the lowest percentage is high school level. There are 66. 5% (133) of college/university level, 31. 5% (63) of introduce degree level and 2% (4) of high school level. Table 4. 4 The Analysis of Descriptive statistics of constructs by using Average Mean and Standard Deviation Reliability AnalysisThe purpose of testing the reliability is to measure the question of each variable by using Cronbachs Coefficient Alpha test. The results of each variable are as follows Table 4. 5 The reliability Analysis of Research Instrument From table 4. 5, the results show that the reliability of all variables is greater than . 6 so all questions are reliable to use for this study. Inferential Analysis There are 3 independent variables which are social benefit, entertainment benefit and social benefit to analyse the relationship with community engagement behaviour by using Coefficient Pearson Correlation (Bivariate).Each independent variable has a positive relationship to c ommunity engagement behaviour and significant value is less than 0. 01 which nub all hypotheses are fail to reject (supported). Hypothesis 1 Community engagement behaviour has a positive relationship on social benefits. Table 4. 6 The Analysis of relationship between Community engagement behaviour and Social benefit As the result in table 4. 6, the sig. is equal to . 000 which is less than . 01 (. 000